Text::Diff - Perform diffs on files and record sets

  1. SYNOPSIS
  2. DESCRIPTION
  3. OPTIONS
  4. Formatting Classes
    1. Text::Diff::Base
    2. Text::Diff::Unified
    3. Text::Diff::Table
    4. Text::Diff::Context
    5. Text::Diff::OldStyle
  5. LIMITATIONS
  6. SEE ALSO
  7. REPOSITORY
  8. AUTHOR
  9. COPYRIGHT

SYNOPSIS

use Text::Diff;

## Mix and match filenames, strings, file handles, producer subs,
## or arrays of records; returns diff in a string.
## WARNING: can return B<large> diffs for large files.
my $diff = diff "file1.txt", "file2.txt", { STYLE => "Context" };
my $diff = diff \$string1,   \$string2,   \%options;
my $diff = diff \*FH1,       \*FH2;
my $diff = diff \&reader1,   \&reader2;
my $diff = diff \@records1,  \@records2;

## May also mix input types:
my $diff = diff \@records1,  "file_B.txt";

DESCRIPTION

diff() provides a basic set of services akin to the GNU diff utility. It is not anywhere near as feature complete as GNU diff, but it is better integrated with Perl and available on all platforms. It is often faster than shelling out to a system's diff executable for small files, and generally slower on larger files.

Relies on Algorithm::Diff for, well, the algorithm. This may not produce the same exact diff as a system's local diff executable, but it will be a valid diff and comprehensible by patch. We haven't seen any differences between Algorithm::Diff's logic and GNU diff's, but we have not examined them to make sure they are indeed identical.

Note: If you don't want to import the diff function, do one of the following:

use Text::Diff ();

require Text::Diff;

That's a pretty rare occurrence, so diff() is exported by default.

If you pass a filename, but the file can't be read, then diff() will croak.

OPTIONS

diff() takes two parameters from which to draw input and a set of options to control its output. The options are:

FILENAME_A, MTIME_A, FILENAME_B, MTIME_B

The name of the file and the modification time "files".

These are filled in automatically for each file when diff() is passed a filename, unless a defined value is passed in.

If a filename is not passed in and FILENAME_A and FILENAME_B are not provided or are undef, the header will not be printed.

Unused on OldStyle diffs.

OFFSET_A, OFFSET_B

The index of the first line / element. These default to 1 for all parameter types except ARRAY references, for which the default is 0. This is because ARRAY references are presumed to be data structures, while the others are line-oriented text.

STYLE

"Unified", "Context", "OldStyle", or an object or class reference for a class providing file_header(), hunk_header(), hunk(), hunk_footer() and file_footer() methods. The two footer() methods are provided for overloading only; none of the formats provide them.

Defaults to "Unified" (unlike standard diff, but Unified is what's most often used in submitting patches and is the most human readable of the three.

If the package indicated by the STYLE has no hunk() method, diff() will load it automatically (lazy loading). Since all such packages should inherit from Text::Diff::Base, this should be marvy.

Styles may be specified as class names (STYLE => 'Foo'), in which case they will be new()ed with no parameters, or as objects (STYLE => Foo->new).

CONTEXT

How many lines before and after each diff to display. Ignored on old-style diffs. Defaults to 3.

OUTPUT

Examples and their equivalent subroutines:

OUTPUT   => \*FOOHANDLE,   # like: sub { print FOOHANDLE shift() }
OUTPUT   => \$output,      # like: sub { $output .= shift }
OUTPUT   => \@output,      # like: sub { push @output, shift }
OUTPUT   => sub { $output .= shift },

If no OUTPUT is supplied, returns the diffs in a string. If OUTPUT is a CODE ref, it will be called once with the (optional) file header, and once for each hunk body with the text to emit. If OUTPUT is an IO::Handle, output will be emitted to that handle.

FILENAME_PREFIX_A, FILENAME_PREFIX_B

The string to print before the filename in the header. Unused on OldStyle diffs. Defaults are "---", "+++" for Unified and "***", "+++" for Context.

KEYGEN, KEYGEN_ARGS

These are passed to "traverse_sequences" in Algorithm::Diff.

Note: if neither FILENAME_ option is defined, the header will not be printed. If at least one is present, the other and both MTIME_ options must be present or "Use of undefined variable" warnings will be generated (except on OldStyle diffs, which ignores these options).

Formatting Classes

These functions implement the output formats. They are grouped in to classes so diff() can use class names to call the correct set of output routines and so that you may inherit from them easily. There are no constructors or instance methods for these classes, though subclasses may provide them if need be.

Each class has file_header(), hunk_header(), hunk(), and footer() methods identical to those documented in the Text::Diff::Unified section. header() is called before the hunk() is first called, footer() afterwards. The default footer function is an empty method provided for overloading:

sub footer { return "End of patch\n" }

Some output formats are provided by external modules (which are loaded automatically), such as Text::Diff::Table. These are are documented here to keep the documentation simple.

Text::Diff::Base

Returns "" for all methods (other than new()).

Text::Diff::Unified

--- A   Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
+++ B   Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 2
 3
 4
-5d
+5a
 6
 7
 8
 9
+9a
 10
 11
-11d
 12
 13
Text::Diff::Unified::file_header
$s = Text::Diff::Unified->file_header( $options );

Returns a string containing a unified header. The sole parameter is the options hash passed in to diff(), containing at least:

FILENAME_A  => $fn1,
MTIME_A     => $mtime1,
FILENAME_B  => $fn2,
MTIME_B     => $mtime2

May also contain

FILENAME_PREFIX_A    => "---",
FILENAME_PREFIX_B    => "+++",

to override the default prefixes (default values shown).

Text::Diff::Unified::hunk_header
Text::Diff::Unified->hunk_header( \@ops, $options );

Returns a string containing the heading of one hunk of unified diff.

Text::Diff::Unified::hunk
Text::Diff::Unified->hunk( \@seq_a, \@seq_b, \@ops, $options );

Returns a string containing the output of one hunk of unified diff.

Text::Diff::Table

+--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+
|  |../Test-Differences-0.2/MANIFEST  |  |../Test-Differences/MANIFEST  |
|  |Thu Dec 13 15:38:49 2001          |  |Sat Dec 15 02:09:44 2001      |
+--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+
|  |                                  * 1|Changes                       *
| 1|Differences.pm                    | 2|Differences.pm                |
| 2|MANIFEST                          | 3|MANIFEST                      |
|  |                                  * 4|MANIFEST.SKIP                 *
| 3|Makefile.PL                       | 5|Makefile.PL                   |
|  |                                  * 6|t/00escape.t                  *
| 4|t/00flatten.t                     | 7|t/00flatten.t                 |
| 5|t/01text_vs_data.t                | 8|t/01text_vs_data.t            |
| 6|t/10test.t                        | 9|t/10test.t                    |
+--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+

This format also goes to some pains to highlight "invisible" characters on differing elements by selectively escaping whitespace:

+--+--------------------------+--------------------------+
|  |demo_ws_A.txt             |demo_ws_B.txt             |
|  |Fri Dec 21 08:36:32 2001  |Fri Dec 21 08:36:50 2001  |
+--+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| 1|identical                 |identical                 |
* 2|        spaced in         |        also spaced in    *
* 3|embedded space            |embedded        tab       *
| 4|identical                 |identical                 |
* 5|        spaced in         |\ttabbed in               *
* 6|trailing spaces\s\s\n     |trailing tabs\t\t\n       *
| 7|identical                 |identical                 |
* 8|lf line\n                 |crlf line\r\n             *
* 9|embedded ws               |embedded\tws              *
+--+--------------------------+--------------------------+

See Text::Diff::Table for more details, including how the whitespace escaping works.

Text::Diff::Context

*** A   Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
--- B   Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
***************
*** 2,14 ****
  2
  3
  4
! 5d
  6
  7
  8
  9
  10
  11
- 11d
  12
  13
--- 2,14 ----
  2
  3
  4
! 5a
  6
  7
  8
  9
+ 9a
  10
  11
  12
  13

Note: hunk_header() returns only "***************\n".

Text::Diff::OldStyle

5c5
< 5d
---
> 5a
9a10
> 9a
12d12
< 11d

Note: no file_header().

LIMITATIONS

Must suck both input files entirely in to memory and store them with a normal amount of Perlish overhead (one array location) per record. This is implied by the implementation of Algorithm::Diff, which takes two arrays. If Algorithm::Diff ever offers an incremental mode, this can be changed (contact the maintainers of Algorithm::Diff and Text::Diff if you need this; it shouldn't be too terribly hard to tie arrays in this fashion).

Does not provide most of the more refined GNU diff options: recursive directory tree scanning, ignoring blank lines / whitespace, etc., etc. These can all be added as time permits and need arises, many are rather easy; patches quite welcome.

Uses closures internally, this may lead to leaks on Perl versions 5.6.1 and prior if used many times over a process' life time.

SEE ALSO

Algorithm::Diff - the underlying implementation of the diff algorithm used by Text::Diff.

YAML::Diff - find difference between two YAML documents.

HTML::Differences - find difference between two HTML documents. This uses a more sane approach than HTML::Diff.

XML::Diff - find difference between two XML documents.

Array::Diff - find the differences between two Perl arrays.

Hash::Diff - find the differences between two Perl hashes.

Data::Diff - find difference between two arbitrary data structures.

REPOSITORY

https://github.com/neilbowers/Text-Diff

AUTHOR

Adam Kennedy <[email protected]>

Barrie Slaymaker <[email protected]>

Some parts copyright 2009 Adam Kennedy.

Copyright 2001 Barrie Slaymaker. All Rights Reserved.

You may use this under the terms of either the Artistic License or GNU Public License v 2.0 or greater.