Mojo::Headers - HTTP headers

1. SYNOPSIS
2. DESCRIPTION
3. ATTRIBUTES
   1. max_line_size
   2. max_lines
4. METHODS
   1. add
   2. append
   3. clone
   4. dehop
   5. every_header
   6. from_hash
   7. header
   8. is_finished
   9. is_limit_exceeded
   10. leftovers
   11. names
   12. parse
   13. remove
   14. to_hash
   15. to_string
5. ADDITIONAL METHODS
   1. accept
   2. accept_charset
   3. accept_encoding
   4. accept_language
   5. accept_ranges
   6. access_control_allow_origin
   7. allow
   8. authorization
   9. cache_control
   10. connection
   11. content_disposition
   12. content_encoding
   13. content_language
   14. content_length
   15. content_location
   16. content_range
   17. content_security_policy
   18. content_type
   19. cookie
   20. date
   21. dnt
   22. etag
   23. expect
   24. expires
   25. host
   26. if_modified_since
   27. if_none_match
   28. last_modified
   29. link
   30. links
   31. location
   32. origin
   33. proxy_authenticate
   34. proxy_authorization
   35. range
   36. referer
   37. referrer
   38. sec_websocket_accept
   39. sec_websocket_extensions
   40. sec_websocket_key
   41. sec_websocket_protocol
   42. sec_websocket_version
   43. server
   44. server_timing
   45. set_cookie
   46. status
   47. strict_transport_security
   48. te
   49. trailer
   50. transfer_encoding
   51. upgrade
   52. user_agent
   53. vary
   54. www_authenticate
6. SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

use Mojo::Headers;

# Parse
my $headers = Mojo::Headers->new;
$headers->parse("Content-Length: 42\x0d\x0a");
$headers->parse("Content-Type: text/html\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a");
say $headers->content_length;
say $headers->content_type;

# Build
my $headers = Mojo::Headers->new;
$headers->content_length(42);
$headers->content_type('text/plain');
say $headers->to_string;

DESCRIPTION

Mojo::Headers is a container for HTTP headers, based on RFC 7230 and RFC 7231.

ATTRIBUTES

Mojo::Headers implements the following attributes.

max_line_size

my $size = $headers->max_line_size;
$headers = $headers->max_line_size(1024);

Maximum header line size in bytes, defaults to the value of the MOJO_MAX_LINE_SIZE environment variable or 8192 (8KiB).

max_lines

my $num  = $headers->max_lines;
$headers = $headers->max_lines(200);

Maximum number of header lines, defaults to the value of the MOJO_MAX_LINES environment variable or 100.

METHODS

Mojo::Headers inherits all methods from Mojo::Base and implements the following new ones.

add

$headers = $headers->add(Foo => 'one value');
$headers = $headers->add(Foo => 'first value', 'second value');

Add header with one or more lines.

# "Vary: Accept
#  Vary: Accept-Encoding"
$headers->add(Vary => 'Accept')->add(Vary => 'Accept-Encoding')->to_string;

append

$headers = $headers->append(Vary => 'Accept-Encoding');

Append value to header and flatten it if necessary.

# "Vary: Accept"
$headers->append(Vary => 'Accept')->to_string;

# "Vary: Accept, Accept-Encoding"
$headers->vary('Accept')->append(Vary => 'Accept-Encoding')->to_string;

clone

my $clone = $headers->clone;

Return a new Mojo::Headers object cloned from these headers.

dehop

$headers = $headers->dehop;

Remove hop-by-hop headers that should not be retransmitted.

every_header

my $all = $headers->every_header('Location');

Similar to "header", but returns all headers sharing the same name as an array reference.

# Get first header value
say $headers->every_header('Location')->[0];

from_hash

$headers = $headers->from_hash({'Cookie' => 'a=b'});
$headers = $headers->from_hash({'Cookie' => ['a=b', 'c=d']});
$headers = $headers->from_hash({});

Parse headers from a hash reference, an empty hash removes all headers.

header

my $value = $headers->header('Foo');
$headers  = $headers->header(Foo => 'one value');
$headers  = $headers->header(Foo => 'first value', 'second value');

Get or replace the current header values.

is_finished

my $bool = $headers->is_finished;

Check if header parser is finished.

is_limit_exceeded

my $bool = $headers->is_limit_exceeded;

Check if headers have exceeded "max_line_size" or "max_lines".

leftovers

my $bytes = $headers->leftovers;

Get and remove leftover data from header parser.

names

my $names = $headers->names;

Return an array reference with all currently defined headers.

# Names of all headers
say for @{$headers->names};

parse

$headers = $headers->parse("Content-Type: text/plain\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a");

Parse formatted headers.

remove

$headers = $headers->remove('Foo');

Remove a header.

to_hash

my $single = $headers->to_hash;
my $multi  = $headers->to_hash(1);

Turn headers into hash reference, array references to represent multiple headers with the same name are disabled by default.

say $headers->to_hash->{DNT};

to_string

my $str = $headers->to_string;

Turn headers into a string, suitable for HTTP messages.

ADDITIONAL METHODS

Additionally, the following shortcuts are available, for accessing and manipulating commonly-used headers:

accept

my $accept = $headers->accept;
$headers   = $headers->accept('application/json');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Accept header.

accept_charset

my $charset = $headers->accept_charset;
$headers    = $headers->accept_charset('UTF-8');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Accept-Charset header.

accept_encoding

my $encoding = $headers->accept_encoding;
$headers     = $headers->accept_encoding('gzip');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Accept-Encoding header.

accept_language

my $language = $headers->accept_language;
$headers     = $headers->accept_language('de, en');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Accept-Language header.

accept_ranges

my $ranges = $headers->accept_ranges;
$headers   = $headers->accept_ranges('bytes');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Accept-Ranges header.

access_control_allow_origin

my $origin = $headers->access_control_allow_origin;
$headers   = $headers->access_control_allow_origin('*');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header from Cross-Origin Resource Sharing.

allow

my $allow = $headers->allow;
$headers  = $headers->allow('GET, POST');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Allow header.

authorization

my $authorization = $headers->authorization;
$headers          = $headers->authorization('Basic Zm9vOmJhcg==');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Authorization header.

cache_control

my $cache_control = $headers->cache_control;
$headers          = $headers->cache_control('max-age=1, no-cache');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Cache-Control header.

connection

my $connection = $headers->connection;
$headers       = $headers->connection('close');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Connection header.

content_disposition

my $disposition = $headers->content_disposition;
$headers        = $headers->content_disposition('foo');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Content-Disposition header.

content_encoding

my $encoding = $headers->content_encoding;
$headers     = $headers->content_encoding('gzip');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Content-Encoding header.

content_language

my $language = $headers->content_language;
$headers     = $headers->content_language('en');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Content-Language header.

content_length

my $len  = $headers->content_length;
$headers = $headers->content_length(4000);

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Content-Length header.

content_location

my $location = $headers->content_location;
$headers     = $headers->content_location('http://127.0.0.1/foo');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Content-Location header.

content_range

my $range = $headers->content_range;
$headers  = $headers->content_range('bytes 2-8/100');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Content-Range header.

content_security_policy

my $policy = $headers->content_security_policy;
$headers   = $headers->content_security_policy('default-src https:');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Content-Security-Policy header from Content Security Policy 1.0.

content_type

my $type = $headers->content_type;
$headers = $headers->content_type('text/plain');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Content-Type header.

cookie

my $cookie = $headers->cookie;
$headers   = $headers->cookie('f=b');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Cookie header from RFC 6265.

date

my $date = $headers->date;
$headers = $headers->date('Sun, 17 Aug 2008 16:27:35 GMT');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Date header.

dnt

my $dnt  = $headers->dnt;
$headers = $headers->dnt(1);

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the DNT (Do Not Track) header, which has no specification yet, but is very commonly used.

etag

my $etag = $headers->etag;
$headers = $headers->etag('"abc321"');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the ETag header.

expect

my $expect = $headers->expect;
$headers   = $headers->expect('100-continue');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Expect header.

expires

my $expires = $headers->expires;
$headers    = $headers->expires('Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Expires header.

host

my $host = $headers->host;
$headers = $headers->host('127.0.0.1');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Host header.

if_modified_since

my $date = $headers->if_modified_since;
$headers = $headers->if_modified_since('Sun, 17 Aug 2008 16:27:35 GMT');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the If-Modified-Since header.

if_none_match

my $etag = $headers->if_none_match;
$headers = $headers->if_none_match('"abc321"');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the If-None-Match header.

last_modified

my $date = $headers->last_modified;
$headers = $headers->last_modified('Sun, 17 Aug 2008 16:27:35 GMT');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Last-Modified header.

link

my $link = $headers->link;
$headers = $headers->link('<http://127.0.0.1/foo/3>; rel="next"');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Link header from RFC 5988.

links

my $links = $headers->links;
$headers  = $headers->links({next => 'http://example.com/foo', prev => 'http://example.com/bar'});

Get or set web links from or to Link header according to RFC 5988.

# Extract information about next page
say $headers->links->{next}{link};
say $headers->links->{next}{title};

location

my $location = $headers->location;
$headers     = $headers->location('http://127.0.0.1/foo');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Location header.

origin

my $origin = $headers->origin;
$headers   = $headers->origin('http://example.com');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Origin header from RFC 6454.

proxy_authenticate

my $authenticate = $headers->proxy_authenticate;
$headers         = $headers->proxy_authenticate('Basic "realm"');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Proxy-Authenticate header.

proxy_authorization

my $authorization = $headers->proxy_authorization;
$headers          = $headers->proxy_authorization('Basic Zm9vOmJhcg==');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Proxy-Authorization header.

range

my $range = $headers->range;
$headers  = $headers->range('bytes=2-8');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Range header.

referer

my $referrer = $headers->referer;
$headers     = $headers->referer('http://example.com');

Alias for "referrer".

referrer

my $referrer = $headers->referrer;
$headers     = $headers->referrer('http://example.com');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Referer header, there was a typo in RFC 2068 which resulted in Referer becoming an official header.

sec_websocket_accept

my $accept = $headers->sec_websocket_accept;
$headers   = $headers->sec_websocket_accept('s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Sec-WebSocket-Accept header from RFC 6455.

sec_websocket_extensions

my $extensions = $headers->sec_websocket_extensions;
$headers       = $headers->sec_websocket_extensions('foo');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions header from RFC 6455.

sec_websocket_key

my $key  = $headers->sec_websocket_key;
$headers = $headers->sec_websocket_key('dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Sec-WebSocket-Key header from RFC 6455.

sec_websocket_protocol

my $proto = $headers->sec_websocket_protocol;
$headers  = $headers->sec_websocket_protocol('sample');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header from RFC 6455.

sec_websocket_version

my $version = $headers->sec_websocket_version;
$headers    = $headers->sec_websocket_version(13);

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Sec-WebSocket-Version header from RFC 6455.

server

my $server = $headers->server;
$headers   = $headers->server('Mojo');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Server header.

server_timing

my $timing = $headers->server_timing;
$headers   = $headers->server_timing('app;desc=Mojolicious;dur=0.0001');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Server-Timing header from Server Timing.

set_cookie

my $cookie = $headers->set_cookie;
$headers   = $headers->set_cookie('f=b; path=/');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Set-Cookie header from RFC 6265.

status

my $status = $headers->status;
$headers   = $headers->status('200 OK');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Status header from RFC 3875.

strict_transport_security

my $policy = $headers->strict_transport_security;
$headers   = $headers->strict_transport_security('max-age=31536000');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Strict-Transport-Security header from RFC 6797.

te

my $te   = $headers->te;
$headers = $headers->te('chunked');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the TE header.

trailer

my $trailer = $headers->trailer;
$headers    = $headers->trailer('X-Foo');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Trailer header.

transfer_encoding

my $encoding = $headers->transfer_encoding;
$headers     = $headers->transfer_encoding('chunked');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Transfer-Encoding header.

upgrade

my $upgrade = $headers->upgrade;
$headers    = $headers->upgrade('websocket');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Upgrade header.

user_agent

my $agent = $headers->user_agent;
$headers  = $headers->user_agent('Mojo/1.0');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the User-Agent header.

vary

my $vary = $headers->vary;
$headers = $headers->vary('*');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the Vary header.

www_authenticate

my $authenticate = $headers->www_authenticate;
$headers         = $headers->www_authenticate('Basic realm="realm"');

Get or replace current header value, shortcut for the WWW-Authenticate header.

SEE ALSO

Mojolicious, Mojolicious::Guides, https://mojolicious.org.