Mojo::Util - Portable utility functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
1. b64_decode
2. b64_encode
3. camelize
4. class_to_file
5. class_to_path
6. decamelize
7. decode
8. deprecated
9. dumper
10. encode
11. extract_usage
12. getopt
13. gunzip
14. gzip
15. header_params
16. hmac_sha1_sum
17. html_attr_unescape
18. html_unescape
19. humanize_bytes
20. md5_bytes
21. md5_sum
22. monkey_patch
23. punycode_decode
24. network_contains
25. punycode_encode
26. quote
27. scope_guard
28. secure_compare
29. sha1_bytes
30. sha1_sum
31. slugify
32. split_cookie_header
33. split_header
34. steady_time
35. tablify
36. term_escape
37. trim
38. unindent
39. unquote
40. url_escape
41. url_unescape
42. xml_escape
43. xor_encode
SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

use Mojo::Util qw(b64_encode url_escape url_unescape);

my $str = 'test=23';
my $escaped = url_escape $str;
say url_unescape $escaped;
say b64_encode $escaped, '';

DESCRIPTION

Mojo::Util provides portable utility functions for Mojo.

FUNCTIONS

Mojo::Util implements the following functions, which can be imported individually.

b64_decode

my $bytes = b64_decode $b64;

Base64 decode bytes with MIME::Base64.

b64_encode

my $b64 = b64_encode $bytes;
my $b64 = b64_encode $bytes, "\n";

Base64 encode bytes with MIME::Base64, the line ending defaults to a newline.

camelize

my $camelcase = camelize $snakecase;

Convert snake_case string to CamelCase and replace - with ::.

# "FooBar"
camelize 'foo_bar';

# "FooBar::Baz"
camelize 'foo_bar-baz';

# "FooBar::Baz"
camelize 'FooBar::Baz';

class_to_file

my $file = class_to_file 'Foo::Bar';

Convert a class name to a file.

# "foo_bar"
class_to_file 'Foo::Bar';

# "foobar"
class_to_file 'FOO::Bar';

# "foo_bar"
class_to_file 'FooBar';

# "foobar"
class_to_file 'FOOBar';

class_to_path

my $path = class_to_path 'Foo::Bar';

Convert class name to path, as used by %INC.

# "Foo/Bar.pm"
class_to_path 'Foo::Bar';

# "FooBar.pm"
class_to_path 'FooBar';

decamelize

my $snakecase = decamelize $camelcase;

Convert CamelCase string to snake_case and replace :: with -.

# "foo_bar"
decamelize 'FooBar';

# "foo_bar-baz"
decamelize 'FooBar::Baz';

# "foo_bar-baz"
decamelize 'foo_bar-baz';

decode

my $chars = decode 'UTF-8', $bytes;

Decode bytes to characters with Encode, or return undef if decoding failed.

deprecated

deprecated 'foo is DEPRECATED in favor of bar';

Warn about deprecated feature from perspective of caller. You can also set the MOJO_FATAL_DEPRECATIONS environment variable to make them die instead with Carp.

dumper

my $perl = dumper {some => 'data'};

Dump a Perl data structure with Data::Dumper.

encode

my $bytes = encode 'UTF-8', $chars;

Encode characters to bytes with Encode.

extract_usage

my $usage = extract_usage;
my $usage = extract_usage '/home/sri/foo.pod';

Extract usage message from the SYNOPSIS section of a file containing POD documentation, defaults to using the file this function was called from.

# "Usage: APPLICATION test [OPTIONS]\n"
extract_usage;

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  Usage: APPLICATION test [OPTIONS]

=cut

getopt

getopt
  'H|headers=s' => \my @headers,
  't|timeout=i' => \my $timeout,
  'v|verbose'   => \my $verbose;
getopt $array,
  'H|headers=s' => \my @headers,
  't|timeout=i' => \my $timeout,
  'v|verbose'   => \my $verbose;
getopt $array, ['pass_through'],
  'H|headers=s' => \my @headers,
  't|timeout=i' => \my $timeout,
  'v|verbose'   => \my $verbose;

Extract options from an array reference with Getopt::Long, but without changing its global configuration, defaults to using @ARGV. The configuration options no_auto_abbrev and no_ignore_case are enabled by default.

# Extract "charset" option
getopt ['--charset', 'UTF-8'], 'charset=s' => \my $charset;
say $charset;

gunzip

my $uncompressed = gunzip $compressed;

Uncompress bytes with IO::Compress::Gunzip.

gzip

my $compressed = gzip $uncompressed;

Compress bytes with IO::Compress::Gzip.

header_params

my ($params, $remainder) = header_params 'one=foo; two="bar", three=baz';

Extract HTTP header field parameters until the first comma according to RFC 5987. Note that this function is EXPERIMENTAL and might change without warning!

hmac_sha1_sum

my $checksum = hmac_sha1_sum $bytes, 'passw0rd';

Generate HMAC-SHA1 checksum for bytes with Digest::SHA.

# "11cedfd5ec11adc0ec234466d8a0f2a83736aa68"
hmac_sha1_sum 'foo', 'passw0rd';

html_attr_unescape

my $str = html_attr_unescape $escaped;

Same as "html_unescape", but handles special rules from the HTML Living Standard for HTML attributes.

# "foo=bar&ltest=baz"
html_attr_unescape 'foo=bar&ltest=baz';

# "foo=bar<est=baz"
html_attr_unescape 'foo=bar&lt;est=baz';

html_unescape

my $str = html_unescape $escaped;

Unescape all HTML entities in string.

# "<div>"
html_unescape '&lt;div&gt;';

humanize_bytes

my $str = humanize_bytes 1234;

Turn number of bytes into a simplified human readable format.

# "1B"
humanize_bytes 1;

# "7.5GiB"
humanize_bytes 8007188480;

# "13GiB"
humanize_bytes 13443399680;

# "-685MiB"
humanize_bytes -717946880;

md5_bytes

my $checksum = md5_bytes $bytes;

Generate binary MD5 checksum for bytes with Digest::MD5.

md5_sum

my $checksum = md5_sum $bytes;

Generate MD5 checksum for bytes with Digest::MD5.

# "acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"
md5_sum 'foo';

monkey_patch

monkey_patch $package, foo => sub {...};
monkey_patch $package, foo => sub {...}, bar => sub {...};

Monkey patch functions into package.

monkey_patch 'MyApp',
  one   => sub { say 'One!' },
  two   => sub { say 'Two!' },
  three => sub { say 'Three!' };

punycode_decode

my $str = punycode_decode $punycode;

Punycode decode string as described in RFC 3492.

# "bücher"
punycode_decode 'bcher-kva';

network_contains

my $bool = network_contains $network, $address;

Check that a given address is contained within a network in CIDR form. If the network is a single address, the addresses must be equivalent.

# True
network_contains('10.0.0.0/8', '10.10.10.10');
network_contains('10.10.10.10', '10.10.10.10');
network_contains('fc00::/7', 'fc::c0:ff:ee');

# False
network_contains('10.0.0.0/29', '10.10.10.10');
network_contains('10.10.10.12', '10.10.10.10');
network_contains('fc00::/7', '::1');

punycode_encode

my $punycode = punycode_encode $str;

Punycode encode string as described in RFC 3492.

# "bcher-kva"
punycode_encode 'bücher';

quote

my $quoted = quote $str;

Quote string.

scope_guard

my $guard = scope_guard sub {...};

Create anonymous scope guard object that will execute the passed callback when the object is destroyed.

# Execute closure at end of scope
{
  my $guard = scope_guard sub { say "Mojo!" };
  say "Hello";
}

secure_compare

my $bool = secure_compare $str1, $str2;

Constant time comparison algorithm to prevent timing attacks. The secret string should be the second argument, to avoid leaking information about the length of the string.

sha1_bytes

my $checksum = sha1_bytes $bytes;

Generate binary SHA1 checksum for bytes with Digest::SHA.

sha1_sum

my $checksum = sha1_sum $bytes;

Generate SHA1 checksum for bytes with Digest::SHA.

# "0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33"
sha1_sum 'foo';

slugify

my $slug = slugify $string;
my $slug = slugify $string, $bool;

Returns a URL slug generated from the input string. Non-word characters are removed, the string is trimmed and lowercased, and whitespace characters are replaced by a dash. By default, non-ASCII characters are normalized to ASCII word characters or removed, but if a true value is passed as the second parameter, all word characters will be allowed in the result according to unicode semantics.

# "joel-is-a-slug"
slugify 'Joel is a slug';

# "this-is-my-resume"
slugify 'This is: my - résumé! ☃ ';

# "this-is-my-résumé"
slugify 'This is: my - résumé! ☃ ', 1;

split_cookie_header

my $tree = split_cookie_header 'a=b; expires=Thu, 07 Aug 2008 07:07:59 GMT';

Same as "split_header", but handles expires values from RFC 6265.

split_header

my $tree = split_header 'foo="bar baz"; test=123, yada';

Split HTTP header value into key/value pairs, each comma separated part gets its own array reference, and keys without a value get undef assigned.

# "one"
split_header('one; two="three four", five=six')->[0][0];

# "two"
split_header('one; two="three four", five=six')->[0][2];

# "three four"
split_header('one; two="three four", five=six')->[0][3];

# "five"
split_header('one; two="three four", five=six')->[1][0];

# "six"
split_header('one; two="three four", five=six')->[1][1];

steady_time

my $time = steady_time;

High resolution time elapsed from an arbitrary fixed point in the past, resilient to time jumps if a monotonic clock is available through Time::HiRes.

tablify

my $table = tablify [['foo', 'bar'], ['baz', 'yada']];

Row-oriented generator for text tables.

# "foo   bar\nyada  yada\nbaz   yada\n"
tablify [['foo', 'bar'], ['yada', 'yada'], ['baz', 'yada']];

term_escape

my $escaped = term_escape $str;

Escape all POSIX control characters except for \n.

# "foo\\x09bar\\x0d\n"
term_escape "foo\tbar\r\n";

trim

my $trimmed = trim $str;

Trim whitespace characters from both ends of string.

# "foo bar"
trim '  foo bar  ';

unindent

my $unindented = unindent $str;

Unindent multi-line string.

# "foo\nbar\nbaz\n"
unindent "  foo\n  bar\n  baz\n";

unquote

my $str = unquote $quoted;

Unquote string.

url_escape

my $escaped = url_escape $str;
my $escaped = url_escape $str, '^A-Za-z0-9\-._~';

Percent encode unsafe characters in string as described in RFC 3986, the pattern used defaults to ^A-Za-z0-9\-._~.

# "foo%3Bbar"
url_escape 'foo;bar';

url_unescape

my $str = url_unescape $escaped;

Decode percent encoded characters in string as described in RFC 3986.

# "foo;bar"
url_unescape 'foo%3Bbar';

xml_escape

my $escaped = xml_escape $str;

Escape unsafe characters &, <, >, " and ' in string, but do not escape Mojo::ByteStream objects.

# "&lt;div&gt;"
xml_escape '<div>';

# "<div>"
use Mojo::ByteStream qw(b);
xml_escape b('<div>');

xor_encode

my $encoded = xor_encode $str, $key;

XOR encode string with variable length key.